CH340G USB to Serial Converter This is CH340G USB To TTL(Serial) Converter, USB to TTL / USB-TTL /STC microcontroller programmer / PL2303 in nine upgrades plate with a transparent cover Compatible with ARDUINO, RASPBERRY PI, AVR, PIC, 8051, etc. This USB–TTL converter is based on CH340G USB to Serial TTL converter chip. The module can be used for 3.3V logic level signals and has the option to switch from 5V to 3.3V logic level using a 2 pin shunt supplied with the module. The CH340 USB to serial adaptor makes use of the CH340 USB to serial IC to provide a low-cost alternative to our popular FTDI-based module. Although much cheaper this module doesn’t lack in features or usability. Note: Once you have installed the drivers the module will appear as a normal serial COM port on your computer making it compatible with most terminal programs and development environments such as the Arduino IDE. The module includes a small switch that allows the voltage available at the VC (Supply output) pin to be switched between 3.3 and 5V. Data pins include TX and RX. These digital pins are at 5V TTL levels allowing them to be directly interfaced with most 5V microcontrollers. What does the CH340G USB to Serial TTL converter support? The USB to serial converter supports WINDOWS 98 / ME / 2000 / XP / Server 2003 / VISTA /Server 2008 / Win7 / Win8 32 Bit / 64. For the purpose of communication, the USB serial converter supports USB1.1 or USB2.0/USB3.0. It also supports RS232, RS485, and RS422 interfaces. The CH340G USB to Serial converter also supports common MODE contact signal and IRDA SIR infrared communication. Applications: Programming USB to UART Converter Debugging Serial Monitor

The Atmel® AVR® ATmega128 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the  ATmega128 achieves throughputs approaching 1MIPS per MHz allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed. Peripheral Features Programmable I/O Lines 53 Programmable I/O Lines Timers Two 8-bit Timer/Counters and Two Expanded 16-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescalers and Compare Modes ADC 8-channel, 10-bit ADC Serial Interface 2 Programmable Serial USARTs Master / Slave Interface SPI Serial Interface PWM Two 8-bit PWM Channels and 6 PWM Channels with Programmable Resolution from 2 to 16 Bits Watch Dog Timer Programmable Watch Dog Timer With on chip Oscillator Power Supply Type DC Operating Voltage 2.7V - 5.5V Special Features Internal Oscillator Internal Calibrated Oscillator External Oscillator Up to 16 MHz Interrupt Source External and Internal Clock Frequency Setting Adjustable through Software

ATmega16 The ATmega ATmega16 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega16 achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed. Pinout: Pinout of ATmega16 1 PB0(XCK/T0) Pin 0 of  PORTB T0( Timer0 External Counter Input) XCK ( USART External Clock I/O) 2 PB1(T1) Pin 1 of  PORTB T1(Timer1 External Counter Input) 3 PB2(INT2/AIN0) Pin 2 of  PORTB AIN0(Internal Analog Comparator Positive Input) INT2( External Interrupt 2 Input) 4 PB3(OC0/AIN1) Pin 3 of  PORTB AIN1(Internal Analog Comparator Negative Input) OC0 (Timer0 Output Compare Match Output) or  PWM output 5 PB4(SS ) Pin 4 of  PORTB SS (SPI Slave Select Input).  This pin is low when controller acts as slave. [Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) for programming] 6 PB5(MOSI) Pin 5 of  PORTB MOSI (Master Output Slave Input). When controller acts as slave, the data is received by this pin. [Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) for programming] 7 PB6(MISO) Pin 6 of  PORTB MISO (Master Input Slave Output). When controller acts as slave, the data is sent to master through this pin. [Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) for programming] 8 PB7(SCK) Pin 7 of  PORTB SCK (SPI Bus Serial Clock). This is the clock shared between this controller and other system for accurate data transfer. [Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) for programming] 9 RESET Reset Pin (Active Low Reset) 10 VCC Connected to +5V 11 GND Connected to GROUND 12 XTAL2 Connected to Crystal Oscillator 13 XTAL1 Connected to Crystal Oscillator 14 PD0(RXD) Pin 0 of  PORTD RXD (USART Input Pin) [USART Serial Communication Interface can be used for programming] 15 PD1(TXD) Pin 1 of  PORTD TXD (USART Output Pin) [USART Serial Communication Interface can be used for programming] 16 PD2(INT0) Pin 2 of  PORTD External Interrupt INT0 17 PD3(INT1) Pin 3 of  PORTD External Interrupt INT1 18 PD4(OC1B) Pin 4 of  PORTD OC1B (Timer Output Compare Match Output) or  PWM output 19 PD5(OC1A) Pin 5 of  PORTD OC1A (Timer Output Compare Match Output) or  PWM output 20 PD6(ICP) Pin 6 of  PORTD Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Pin 21 PD7 (OC2) Pin 7 of  PORTD Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Match Output 22 PC0 (SCL) Pin 0 of  PORTC TWI Interface 23 PC1 (SDA) Pin 1 of  PORTC TWI Interface 24 PC2 (TCK) Pin 2 of  PORTC JTAG Interface 25 PC3 (TMS) Pin 3 of  PORTC JTAG Interface 26 PC4 (TDO) Pin 4 of  PORTC JTAG Interface 27 PC5 (TDI) Pin 5 of  PORTC JTAG Interface 28 PC6 (TOSC1) Pin 6 of  PORTC Timer Oscillator Pin 1 29 PC7 (TOSC2) Pin 7 of  PORTC Timer Oscillator Pin 2 30 AVcc Vcc for Internal ADC  Converter 31 GND GROUND 32 AREF Analog Reference Pin for ADC 33 PA7 (ADC7) Pin 7 of  PORTA ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) Channel 7 34 PA6 (ADC6) Pin 6 of  PORTA ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) Channel 6 35 PA5 (ADC5) Pin 5 of  PORTA ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) Channel 5 36 PA4 (ADC4) Pin 4 of  PORTA ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) Channel 4 37 PA3 (ADC3) Pin 3 of  PORTA ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) Channel 3 38 PA2 (ADC2) Pin 2 of  PORTA ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) Channel 2 39 PA1 (ADC1) Pin 1 of  PORTA ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) Channel 1 40 PA0 (ADC0) Pin 0 of  PORTA ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) Channel 0 Applications: Hobbyists applications Engineers design Temperature control systems Analog signal measuring and manipulations. Embedded systems like coffee machine, vending machine. Motor control systems. Digital signal processing. Peripheral Interface system.

ATmega162 The ATmega162 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR-enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed. The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general-purpose working registers. All 32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), allowing two independent registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in one clock cycle. The resulting architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than conventional CISC microcontrollers. In order to maximize performance and parallelism, the AVR uses a Harvard architecture – with separate memories and buses for program and data. While one instruction is being executed, the next instruction is pre-fetched from the program memory. Program flow is provided by conditional and unconditional jump and call instructions, able to directly address the whole address space. Most AVR instructions have a single 16-bit word format. Every program memory address contains a 16- or 32-bit instruction. Pinout: Pinout Of ATmega162 Applications: Industrial Automation Automotive Applications Medical Devices Consumer Electronics Internet of Things (IoT)

ATmega168 The Atmel ATmega168 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR-enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega168 achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed. The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general-purpose working registers. All 32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), allowing two independent registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in one clock cycle. The resulting architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than conventional CISC microcontrollers. Pinout: Pinout of ATmega168 Applications: Multiple DIY projects. Projects requiring more than logical control for devices. Microcontroller applications for multiple device interface/Control.

The high-performance, low-power Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines 32KB of programmable flash memory, 2KB SRAM, 1KB EEPROM, an 8-channel 10-bit A/D converter, and a JTAG interface for on-chip debugging. The device supports a throughput of 16 MIPS at 16 MHz and operates between 4.5-5.5 volts. By executing instructions in a single clock cycle, the device achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz, balancing power consumption and processing speed

ATMEGA328P SMD IC for Arduino Nano/UNO – AVR Microcontroller The ATMEGA328P SMD IC (ATMEGA328P-AU) is a high-performance 8-bit AVR microcontroller widely used in Arduino Nano and Arduino Uno boards. Designed with picoPower technology, this SMD version includes 32KB ISP Flash, 2KB SRAM, 1KB EEPROM, multiple timers, USART, SPI, and I2C support. Making it ideal for embedded electronics, DIY projects, automation systems, and IoT applications. Its compact SMD package makes it suitable for custom PCB designs and small-form-factor projects. This microcontroller is fully compatible with Arduino IDE, making programming easy using an AVR programmer or bootloader. With features like 23 GPIO pins, 6-channel 10-bit ADC, watchdog timer, and flexible power-saving modes, the ATMEGA328P SMD IC delivers powerful performance while maintaining low power consumption. Whether you're building a new Arduino-compatible board or repairing an existing one, this IC provides reliability, stability, and seamless integration. Features: ATMEGA328P-AU SMD AVR microcontroller used in Arduino Nano/UNO boards. Supports 32KB Flash memory with read-while-write capability, 1KB EEPROM, and 2KB SRAM. Fully compatible with Arduino IDE; can be programmed using an AVR programmer. Offers 23 GPIO pins, 3 timers/counters, watchdog timer, and hardware serial communication. Integrated SPI, I2C (TWI), and USART interfaces for seamless connectivity. Operates on 1.8V to 5.5V, suitable for low-power and battery-based projects. 6-channel 10-bit ADC (8-channel in TQFP package) for accurate analog sensing. SMD design ideal for custom PCBs, compact electronics, and embedded projects.

ATmega328P-U PDIP-28 8 BIT Microcontroller IC The Atmel ATmega328 IC is a 32K 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR architecture. Many instructions are executed in a single clock cycle providing a throughput of almost 20 MIPS at 20MHz. The ATMEGA328P-U comes in an PDIP 28 pin package and is suitable for use on our 28 pin AVR Development Board . The ATmega328P-U AVR is supported with a full suite of program and system development tools including C Compilers, Macro Assemblers, Program Debugger/Simulators, In-Circuit Emulators, and Evaluation Kits. Applications: Industrial control systems Switched-mode power supply (SMPS) and power regulation systems Digital data processing Analog signal measuring and manipulation Embedded systems like coffee machines, vending machines Motor control systems Display units Key Features: Additional Features Features Internal calibrated oscillator Power on reset and programmable brown out detection External and internal interrupts 6 sleep modes including idle, ADC noise reduction, power save, power down, standby, and extended standby I/O and Package 23 programmable I/O lines 28 pin PDIP package Speed Grades: 0-4 MHz at 1.8-5.5V 0-10 MHz at 2.7-5.5V 0-20 MHz at 4.5-5.5V Low power consumption mode at 1.8V, 1 MHz and 25°C: Active Mode: 0.3 mA Power-down Mode: 0.1 ?A Power-save Mode: 0.8 ?A (Including 32 kHz RTC) Pinout:

Elementz AVR USB Programmer with Cable USB AVR USBISP programmer will allow users to painlessly transfer hex programs to most ATMEL AVR microcontrollers. It is more reliable than most other AVR programmers available. Entire AVR programmer has been built with using common parts and fits in the case of the serial connector. This AVR programmer is compatible with AVRdude GUI software. This can be used to program : AT90S1200,2313,2323,2343,4414,4433,4434,8515,8535, ATMEGA103,128,1280,1281,16,161,162,163,165,168,169, ATMEGA 2560,2561,32,323,325,3250,328,329,3290,406,48,64, ATMEGA 640,644,645,6450,649,6490,8,8515,8535,88, ATTINY 11,12,13,15,22,2323,25,26,261,28,44,45,461,84,85,86, AT90CAN128,32,64, AT90PWM2, CAPABLE OF PROGRAMMING BOTH 3.3V & 5V AVR MICROCONTROLLERS read more : Implementation of PWM in AVR

8051 Development Board (Made in India) The 8051 Development Board is equipped with an Atmel AT89S52 Microcontroller IC and an RS232 chip. It features a DIP 40 Pin IC Socket for easy insertion and removal of chips, and can support a range of chips including AT89S51, AT89S52, P89V51RD2, and 8052. The board is built with a high-quality FR-4 (1.6 mm) PCB. In addition, the board has an on-board RS232 circuit that enables easy communication with a PC and other RS232 serial devices such as GPS modules, GSM modems, and RFID. It also has an extra Vcc bus (5V and 12V) and GND bus for power supply to external peripherals. The 8051 board has an on-board bridge rectifier, allowing it to accept both AC and DC input voltages for power supply. It is also equipped with a 5mm Power Plug-in DC Jack, a Power ON-OFF switch, a 5V regulator (LM7805) circuit, and a power indication RED LED. Other features of the board include an on-board reset button, a quartz crystal 11.05892 MHz, a GREEN USER LED at Pin P2.0, an input user switch Pin P3.3, and an input external interrupt switch (INT1) at P3.3 through jumper JP2. Port extensions are provided for all PORT with detailed labeling for easy identification of pins, and external pull-up resistors are included for port use. The development board also has an on-board ISP connector for loading HEX files into microcontrollers such as AT89S51/52. It has four 3mm mounting holes for easy mounting. read more : How to Choose a Microcontroller Applications Embedded Systems Robotics Internet of Things (IoT) Industrial Automation